{"product_id":"the-constitution-of-pylyp-orlyk-block-2010","title":"“The Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk” Block 2010","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe main feature of Pylyp Orlyk’s Constitution (adopted on April 5, 1710) is that it was one of the world’s first constitutions to establish the separation of powers into three independent branches and to limit the authority of the monarch (hetman).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis document predated the U.S. Constitution by 77 years and the Constitution of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the French Constitution by 81 years.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKey progressive ideas of the document:\u003cbr\u003eSeparation of powers: For the first time in Europe, power was clearly divided into three branches:\u003cbr\u003eLegislative: The General Council (a kind of parliament), which was to convene three times a year.\u003cbr\u003eExecutive: The Hetman and the General Council of Officers.\u003cbr\u003eJudicial: The General Court, which was independent of the Hetman. The Hetman did not have the right to punish the guilty on his own.\u003cbr\u003eLimits on the Hetman’s power: The Hetman was no longer the sole ruler. He had to coordinate all state, personnel, and financial matters with the Council. \u003cbr\u003eThe state treasury was separated from the hetman’s private funds.\u003cbr\u003eAnti-corruption provisions: The Constitution prohibited the buying of offices, the use of state property for personal gain, and the exploitation of the common people.\u003cbr\u003eSocial protection: Specific articles protected the rights of Cossack widows, orphans, and impoverished peasants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThey were exempt from taxes and general duties. Although, due to historical circumstances (defeat in the war with Muscovy and expulsion), Pylyp Orlyk’s Constitution did not come into force throughout the entire territory of Ukraine, it became fundamental evidence that 18th-century Ukrainian political thought was ahead of its time and developed in line with European\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eArtist\u003c\/strong\u003e — Vasylenko, V.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCountry\u003c\/strong\u003e - Ukraine\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelease Date\u003c\/strong\u003e - 03\/29\/2010\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStamp size\u003c\/strong\u003e, mm — \u003cspan\u003e82х52\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe circulation of stamps\u003c\/strong\u003e - 109 000\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMichel number\u003c\/strong\u003e - 1817\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Ukrposhta","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":58787865657504,"sku":null,"price":4.49,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0036\/4547\/2886\/files\/Philip-Orlyks-Constitution-Block-postal-ukraine.jpg?v=1788174122","url":"https:\/\/postcardsua.com\/es\/products\/the-constitution-of-pylyp-orlyk-block-2010","provider":"Postal Ukraine","version":"1.0","type":"link"}